The first page of Worte am Sarge Sigmund Freuds, Zweig’s eulogy to Freud, given in London on 26 September 1939. Sigmund Freud's iceberg metaphor is a resource used to understand the theory of the unconscious proposed by the father of psychoanalysis. In this work, Zweig describes “the destructive possibilities of an iceberg only upon the ground of what is visible above the surface of the water, whereas nine-tenths of the colossus lie beneath the waves” in reference to the unconscious depths and power of the human mind.² Vanwesenbeeck’s study underscores both the collaborative respect and influence both individuals had on one another, as well as the impact that Zweig may well have exerted on one of the most enduring tropes of modern-day psychology. As pointed out by Fredonia Professor of English Birger Vanwesenbeeck in his essay, “A Stefan Zweig Revival?”, the symbol of the iceberg, which nowhere appears in Freud’s own writings, may well have stuck to psychoanalysis as a result of Zweig who employs it in his book on Freud, Die Heilung durch den Geist ( Mental Healers, 1931).¹ In psychoanalysis, Freud used the iceberg to represent that we are only aware of a small percentage of our psyche as a big part of our mind is covered or a part. The conscious mind is the part of the psyche that we are aware of and can think about. According to Freud, the psyche is made up of three parts: the conscious mind, the preconscious mind, and the unconscious mind. The id is, in this view, the deepest level of personality, located in the unconscious mind. He believed that the ego, or conscious mind, was just the tip of the iceberg, while the rest of personality was submerged in the unconscious. The iceberg metaphor attributed to this day to Freud as his visual explanation of the unconscious mind may well be more accurately ascribed to his longtime friend and correspondent Stefan Zweig. Sigmund Freuds iceberg model is a metaphor used to describe the human psyche. Freud considered personality to be similar to an iceberg. This iceberg model (originated by Sigmund Freud) is an ideal representation of the complexities of human behavior. The iceberg is a common illustration of this triple structure of the mind. These are originally Latin terms meaning ‘I’, ‘it’ and ‘upper-I’. The recent “ Google doodle” celebrating the 160 th anniversary of Sigmund Freud’s birth presents a welcome opportunity to highlight not the influence Freud exerted on Stefan Zweig, as seen in such works as Der Amokläufer ( Amok, 1922) and Schachnovelle ( The Royal Game, 1942), but the effect Zweig himself may have had on the legacy of psychoanalysis. According to the father of psychology Sigmund Freud, there are three parts of the human psyche: the ego, the id and the superego.
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